Gold has always held a special place in Indian culture—whether as a form of investment, a symbol of prosperity, or an integral part of weddings and festivals. While we often think of gold in terms of 22K, 18K, or 14K purity, the truth is that the remaining percentage in these alloys is made up of other metals. Some of these are safe and intentional, while others can be harmful—both to your health and to the jewellery’s quality.
Why Pure Gold is Rarely Used in Jewellery
Pure 24K gold is too soft for everyday wear. That’s why it’s mixed with harder metals like copper, silver, or zinc to create durable alloys. However, in India, jewellers sometimes use cheaper or unregulated metals to cut costs or alter appearance. That’s where the danger lies.
Harmful Hidden Alloys Used in Indian Gold Jewellery
1. Nickel
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Why it’s used: Gives gold a white finish and increases hardness.
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The problem: Nickel is one of the most common causes of skin allergies. Prolonged use can cause rashes, itching, and in severe cases, long-term skin sensitivity.
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Where you’ll find it: In some white gold or even yellow gold alloys sold at lower costs.
2. Cadmium
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Why it’s used: Helps create low-melting-point solder for joining gold pieces. It’s cheap and easy to work with.
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The problem: Cadmium is highly toxic. Prolonged exposure during jewellery making can harm artisans’ lungs and kidneys. For the wearer, it may cause skin irritation and slow poisoning if worn long-term.
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Note: Cadmium is banned in many countries, but still found in Indian jewellery markets.
3. Lead
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Why it’s used: In small quantities, it lowers production costs and improves malleability.
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The problem: Lead is a dangerous heavy metal. Even trace amounts can cause severe health issues—especially for children and pregnant women.
4. Other Low-Grade Metals (Iron, Tin, etc.)
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Sometimes added to increase weight artificially or reduce costs. These can weaken the jewellery, cause discoloration, and irritate the skin.
The Risks of Buying Jewellery with Hidden Alloys
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Health issues: Skin allergies, irritation, and in some cases, exposure to toxic metals.
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Compromised quality: Jewellery may tarnish faster, lose shine, or break easily.
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Resale value drops: When tested, such jewellery fetches lower returns because of impure composition.
How to Protect Yourself When Buying Gold in India
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Always ask for a BIS Hallmark: The Bureau of Indian Standards hallmark guarantees purity and reduces the risk of hidden harmful alloys.
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Get a Purity Test: A karat meter test can confirm the exact gold content.
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Avoid “Too Cheap” Deals: If the price is far below market value, chances are the alloy is mixed with unsafe metals.
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Choose Trusted Jewellers: Established jewellers are less likely to risk reputation by using banned alloys.
Gold is precious not just for its shine but also for the trust it carries. While alloys are necessary for strength and beauty, harmful metals like cadmium, nickel, and lead should have no place in your jewellery box. As a buyer, staying informed and demanding transparency is the best way to ensure that what you wear is truly as pure and safe as it looks.
